Dental malocclusion in children or adults is a problem with the closure of the dental arches. It involves the teeth of the lower mandible (lower arch) not being aligned with those of the maxilla (upper arch) or a general misalignment, which results in a lack of contact between the teeth, “offset” jaws, and incorrect alignment.
This problem can be resolved with the help of an experienced orthodontist, but should not be underestimated. In severe cases, malocclusions can lead to serious functional problems with chewing or speech, as well as numerous other complications.
What are the causes of dental malocclusions?
There are different causes of dental malocclusion:
- Hereditary factors. Genetics plays an important role and can transmit bone or dental irregularities.
- Pathological causes. Bruxism, chronic mouth breathing problems (caused by asthma, allergies, sinusitis, etc.). A tumor or rheumatoid arthritis can also lead to improper positioning of the teeth.
- Bad habits during childhood, such as thumb sucking. The shape of the open bite will generally correspond to the shape of the child’s thumb or finger.
- Other factors that may damage the dental structure include poorly performed operations or fillings, or incorrect or worn dental prostheses.
The different types of dental malocclusions
The cases and types of dental malocclusions are varied and specific. This is why it is difficult to make a quick diagnosis. The orthodontist must conduct a thorough and appropriate assessment. Dental X-rays and molds are the main diagnostic tools for finding the right treatment. Invisalign aligners can correct most malocclusions.
To find out if this treatment is right for you, click on the illustration that represents your case and then complete the questionnaire on the following page.
Overbite
The upper front teeth overlap the lower teeth. Most of us have a slight overbite. When it is too pronounced, it is called a deep bite. This can lead to tooth wear or jaw pain.
Crowding
The teeth lack space to align properly. This can lead to the accumulation of plaque or tartar, as it is more difficult to brush your teeth and use dental floss.
Diastema
When there is a significant space between two or more of your teeth. This can lead to the formation of gum pockets (plaque accumulation), causing gum swelling (gingivitis).
Underbite
Your lower front teeth are positioned in front of your upper teeth. Generally, this involves the lower jaw being too far forward. This can prevent proper chewing and clear speech, as well as faster wear of your teeth.
Open Bite
Your upper and lower teeth do not touch when you close your mouth. This can make it difficult to chew or bite common foods such as apples.
Crossbite
Some of your upper teeth are positioned inside your lower teeth. This can lead to wear or chipping of your teeth. Your gums may recede, which can cause painful problems or even bone loss.
Dental malocclusions: consequences & symptoms
Dental malocclusions should never be neglected as they can have a negative impact on chewing or speech.
Different consequences are possible:
- Increased risk of cavities and periodontal disease
- Pain when opening the mouth
- Migraines and headaches
- Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
- Posture problems
- Contractures in the neck muscles
- Neck pain
- Tingling and paresthesia in the fingers
- Aesthetic defects (e.g., protruding chin)
Sometimes, however, the symptoms are more subtle, and especially distant from the mouth so as not to suggest direct involvement. These symptoms form a broader framework of disorders that define postural deficiency syndrome (P.D.S.) and manifest as:
- Back pain
- Dizziness
- Physical fatigue
- Pubalgia
These symptoms, which refer to different regions of the body, often disorient the general practitioner and force the patient, who suffers from chronic pain, to follow a long and often frustrating procedure with different specialists: orthopedists, otologists, psychologists, neurologists, chiropractors.
Each of these specialists will prescribe unnecessary therapies (most often invasive or incorrect) because they are not complemented by assessments of interactions related to malocclusion, resulting in continued suffering, with consequent disappointment and additional psychophysical stress.
How to treat dental malocclusions?
With proper orthodontic treatment, it is possible to restore the functionality, morphology, and aesthetics of the face and smile. It is essential to act as early as possible, especially in the most complex cases, to avoid major complications.
How? Most simple and complex cases can be resolved with Invisalign® treatment. If you have questions about malocclusions or Invisalign treatment, please contact me at the practice or complete the following form.
